The Economic and Environmental Benefits of Urban Trees
- Nowak, D.J., and D.E. Crane. 2000. "The Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) Model: quantifying urban forests structure and functions" in: Hansen, M. and T. Burk (Eds) Integrated Tools for Natural Resources Inventories in the 21st Century. Proceedings of the IUFRO Conference. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NC-212. North Central Research Station, St. Paul, MN. Pp. 714 - 720.
- For detailed methods, see: Nowak, D. J., D. E. Crane, J. C. Stevens, and M. Ibarra. 2002. Brooklyn's Urban Forest. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-290; and Urban Forest Health Monitoring Manual at: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse/Tools/UFORE.htm
- F. J. Murray, L. March, P.A. Bradford, New York State Energy Plan (New York State energy Office, Albany, NY, 1994. Economic values to society are based on median monetized dollars per ton externality values used in energy decision making from various studies. Values per ton in this study include: NO2 = $6,752, PM10 = $4,508, SO2 = $1,653, and CO = $959.
- For more information, visit: http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse/TREE%20Air%20Qual.pdf
- Carbon values are multiplied by $20.3 per metric ton, which is based on the estimated marginal social costs of CO2 emission. Fanhauser, A., 1994. The social costs of greenhouse gas emissions: an expected value approach. The Energy Journal 15(2), 157-184.
- For more information, see: Abdollahi, K. K., Z. H. Ning, and A. Appeaning (Eds.) 2000. Global climate change and the urban forest. GCRCC and Franklin Press, Baton Rouge, LA.
- Based on Council of Tree and Landscape Appraisers guidelines. For more information, see Nowak, D. J., D. E. Crane, and J. F. Dwyer. 2002. Compensatory value of urban trees in the United States. J. Arboric. 28 (4): 194-199.
- For more information, visit: http://na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidls/gypsymoth/gypsy.htm
- For more information, visit: http://www.barkbeetles.org/spb/Index.HTML
- For more information, visit: http://na.fs.fed.us/fhp/alb/index.shtm
- For more information, visit: http://na.fs.fed.us/fhp/eab/index.shtm or http://www.emeraldashborer.info/
- American Forests' Urban Ecosystem Analysis For the Houston Gulf Coast Region. For more information, visit: http://americanforests.org/downloads/rea/AF_Houston.pdf
- Nowak, D.J., M. Kuroda, and D.E. Crane. 2004. Tree mortality rates and tree population projections in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 2:139-147. http://www.elsevier-deutschland.de/artikel/649602
For further information on Urban Forest Health Monitoring, UFORE, or urban forest effects, please visit: http://fhm.fs.fed.us/; http://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse; or http://www.ufore.org/.
 Previous Page |
 Table of Contents |